6
Solution
:
1
1. Abdul Kalam's house was on the Mosque Street in
Rameswaram in the former
Madras state.
2. Dinamani could be the name of a newspaper because
Abdul Kalam tried to trace the stories of the Second World War, which his
brother-in-law told him, in the headlines in Dinamani.
3. Abdul Kalam had three close friends in school -
Ramanandha Sastry, Aravindan and Sivaprakasan. Ramanandha Sastry took over the
priesthood of the Rameswaram temple from his father; Aravindan
started a business of arranging transport for visiting
pilgrims and Sivaprakasan became a catering contractor for the Southern
Railways.
4. The Second World War led to the suspension of the
train-halt at Rameswaram station. As a result, newspapers had to be
bundled up and thrown out from the moving train. This forced Kalam's
cousin Samsuddin, who distributed newspapers in Rameswaram, to look for a
helping hand to catch the bundles. Abdul Kalam took up this position and earned
his first wages in the process.
5. Yes, he had earned some money when he started
helping his cousin. When the Second World War broke out, there was a sudden demand
for tamarind seeds in the market. He collected the seeds and sold them at a
provision shop on Mosque Street. Usually, a day's collection earned him one
anna.
Solution
:
2
1. (i) Kalam's father, Jainulabdeen neither had much
formal education nor much wealth. Despite these disadvantages, he
possessed great innate wisdom and a true generosity of spirit. He avoided all
inessential comforts and luxuries. However, all necessities were provided for,
in terms of food, medicine or clothes.
(ii) Kalam's mother, Ashiamma was an ideal helpmate to her husband. She fed many people everyday. The author was quite certain that far more outsiders ate with them than all the members of their own family put together.
(iii) The author describes himself as one of many children. He was a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. He had a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
2. The author inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father and faith in goodness and deep kindness from his mother.
(ii) Kalam's mother, Ashiamma was an ideal helpmate to her husband. She fed many people everyday. The author was quite certain that far more outsiders ate with them than all the members of their own family put together.
(iii) The author describes himself as one of many children. He was a short boy with rather undistinguished looks, born to tall and handsome parents. He had a very secure childhood, both materially and emotionally.
2. The author inherited honesty and self-discipline from his father and faith in goodness and deep kindness from his mother.
Solution
:
3
1. (i) The social groups that he mentioned were the
Hindus and the Muslims. Yes, these groups were easily identifiable. Abdul Kalam
wore a cap, which marked him as a Muslim. His friend, Ramanadha Sastry, wore the
sacred thread as he was a Hindu.
(ii) As children, none of them ever felt any
difference amongst themselves because of their religious differences and
upbringing. They naturally shared friendships and experiences. Abdul Kalam was
Muslim and lived on the Mosque street and his friends were from orthodox Hindu
Brahmin families. However, they were very close friends. During the
annual Shri Sita Rama Kalyanam ceremony, Kalam's family arranged boats with a
special platform for carrying idols of the Lord from the temple to the marriage
site. Events from the Ramayana and from the life of the Prophet were the
bedtime stories his mother and grandmother would tell the children of their
family. All these incidents show that different social groups naturally
co-inhabited Rameswaram.
(iii) There were two people who were very aware of the
differences among them. One was the new teacher who came to the class
when Kalam was in the fifth standard and did not let him sit with
Ramanadha Sastry who was a Brahmin and the son of a Hindu priest. Also, the
wife of Sivasubramania Iyer (his science teacher) was very conservative and did
not allow Kalam to eat in her pure Hindu kitchen. The people who tried to
bridge these differences were Lakshmana Sastry (Ramanadha's father) and Sivasubramania
Iyer (his science teacher).
(iv) When Kalam was in the fifth standard, a new teacher came to their class. Kalam always sat in the front row next to Ramanandha Sastry. The teacher could not digest the fact that a Hindu priest’s son was sitting with a Muslim boy. The teacher immediately asked Kalam to sit on the back bench. Both Kalam and Ramanandha were unhappy with this development. When they narrated this story to their respective parents, Lakshmana Sastry summoned the teacher and told him that he should not spread the idea of social inequality and communal intolerance in the minds of innocent children. The teacher apologized and regretted his behaviour.
In another incident, Kalam's science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer invited him for a meal to his house. His wife, who was very conservative, was horrified at the idea of a Muslim boy eating in her ritually pure Hindu kitchen. Consequently, she refused to serve him in her kitchen. However, Iyer was not disturbed by his wife's behaviour. Instead, he served Kalam with his own hands and sat down beside him to eat his meal. When Kalam was leaving, Sivasubramania Iyer again invited him for dinner the next weekend. On observing Kalam's hesitation, he told him not to get upset and said that once one has decided to change the system, such problems have to be confronted. When Kalam visited the house the next week, Sivasubramania Iyer's wife took him inside her kitchen and served him food with her own hands. Hence, in this way, differences can be resolved and people's attitudes can be changed.
2. (i) Kalam wanted to leave Rameswaram for further studies. He wanted to study at the district headquarters in Ramanathapuram.
(ii) Kalam's father said that he knew that one day Kalam had to go away to grow. He gave him the analogy of a seagull that flies across the sun alone and without a nest. He then quoted Khalil Gibran to Kalam's mother saying that her children were not their own children. They were the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself. They come through their parents, but not from them. They may give them their love, but not their thoughts as the children have their own thoughts.
(iii) His words meant that children have to be separated from their parents at some stage in life. They have to be let free so that they can realize their thoughts, goals and dreams. A seagull flies away alone and finds its own food and nest. Parents can nurture their kids with love, but they cannot give them their thoughts. The children have their own thoughts. They should develop their own thoughts naturally. Kalam's father spoke these words because Kalam's mother was hesitant about his leaving Rameswaram.
(iv) When Kalam was in the fifth standard, a new teacher came to their class. Kalam always sat in the front row next to Ramanandha Sastry. The teacher could not digest the fact that a Hindu priest’s son was sitting with a Muslim boy. The teacher immediately asked Kalam to sit on the back bench. Both Kalam and Ramanandha were unhappy with this development. When they narrated this story to their respective parents, Lakshmana Sastry summoned the teacher and told him that he should not spread the idea of social inequality and communal intolerance in the minds of innocent children. The teacher apologized and regretted his behaviour.
In another incident, Kalam's science teacher Sivasubramania Iyer invited him for a meal to his house. His wife, who was very conservative, was horrified at the idea of a Muslim boy eating in her ritually pure Hindu kitchen. Consequently, she refused to serve him in her kitchen. However, Iyer was not disturbed by his wife's behaviour. Instead, he served Kalam with his own hands and sat down beside him to eat his meal. When Kalam was leaving, Sivasubramania Iyer again invited him for dinner the next weekend. On observing Kalam's hesitation, he told him not to get upset and said that once one has decided to change the system, such problems have to be confronted. When Kalam visited the house the next week, Sivasubramania Iyer's wife took him inside her kitchen and served him food with her own hands. Hence, in this way, differences can be resolved and people's attitudes can be changed.
2. (i) Kalam wanted to leave Rameswaram for further studies. He wanted to study at the district headquarters in Ramanathapuram.
(ii) Kalam's father said that he knew that one day Kalam had to go away to grow. He gave him the analogy of a seagull that flies across the sun alone and without a nest. He then quoted Khalil Gibran to Kalam's mother saying that her children were not their own children. They were the sons and daughters of Life's longing for itself. They come through their parents, but not from them. They may give them their love, but not their thoughts as the children have their own thoughts.
(iii) His words meant that children have to be separated from their parents at some stage in life. They have to be let free so that they can realize their thoughts, goals and dreams. A seagull flies away alone and finds its own food and nest. Parents can nurture their kids with love, but they cannot give them their thoughts. The children have their own thoughts. They should develop their own thoughts naturally. Kalam's father spoke these words because Kalam's mother was hesitant about his leaving Rameswaram.
Chapter 6 - My Childhood
Exercise 76
Solution
:
1
|
|
A
|
B
|
|
|
(i)
|
Broke
out
|
(c)
|
Began
suddenly in a violent way
|
|
(ii)
|
In
accordance with
|
(f)
|
According
to a particular rule, principle or system
|
|
(iii)
|
A
helping hand
|
(d)
|
Assistance
|
|
(iv)
|
Could
not stomach
|
(d)
|
Was
not able to tolerate
|
|
(v)
|
Generosity
of spirit
|
(a)
|
An
attitude of kindness, a readiness to give freely
|
|
(vi)
|
Figures
of authority
|
(e)
|
Persons
with power to make decisions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.Inadequate
2.Undemanding
3.Unpatriotic
4.Illogical
5.Unacceptable
6.Inactive
7.Undisputed
8.Illegal
9.Irregular
10.Untrue
11.Inaccessible
12.Irresponsible
13.Intolerant
14. Impermanent
15. Incoherent
16.Impossible
Chapter 6 - My Childhood
Exercise 77
Solution
:
1
1. In yesterday's competition the prizes were
given away by the Principal.
2. In spite of financial difficulties, the labourers were paid on time.
3. On Republic Day, vehicles are not allowed beyond this point.
4. Second-hand books are bought and sold on the pavement every Saturday.
5. Elections to the Lok Sabha are held every five years.
6. Our National Anthem was composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
2. In spite of financial difficulties, the labourers were paid on time.
3. On Republic Day, vehicles are not allowed beyond this point.
4. Second-hand books are bought and sold on the pavement every Saturday.
5. Elections to the Lok Sabha are held every five years.
6. Our National Anthem was composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
Solution
:
2
1. How Helmets Came To Be Used in Cricket
Nari Contractor was the Captain and an opening batsman for India in the 1960s. The Indian cricket team went on a tour to the West Indies in 1962. In a match against Barbados in Bridgetown, Nari Contractor was seriously injured and collapsed. In those days helmets were not worn. Contractor was hit on the head by a bouncer from Charlie Griffith. Contractor's skull was fractured. The entire team was deeply concerned. The West Indies players were worried. Contractor was rushed to hospital. He was accompanied by Frank Worrell, the Captain of the West Indies Team. Blood was donated by the West Indies players. Thanks to the timely help, Contractor was saved. Nowadays helmets are routinely used against bowlers.
2. Oil from Seeds
Vegetable oils are made from seeds and fruits of many plants growing all over the world, from tiny sesame seeds to big, juicy coconuts. Oil is produced from cotton seeds, groundnuts, soya beans and sunflower seeds. Olive oil is used for cooking, salad dressing etc. Olives are shaken from the trees and gathered up, usually by hand. The olives are ground to a thick paste which is spread onto special mats. Then the mats are layered up on the pressing machine which will gently squeeze them to produce olive oil.
Nari Contractor was the Captain and an opening batsman for India in the 1960s. The Indian cricket team went on a tour to the West Indies in 1962. In a match against Barbados in Bridgetown, Nari Contractor was seriously injured and collapsed. In those days helmets were not worn. Contractor was hit on the head by a bouncer from Charlie Griffith. Contractor's skull was fractured. The entire team was deeply concerned. The West Indies players were worried. Contractor was rushed to hospital. He was accompanied by Frank Worrell, the Captain of the West Indies Team. Blood was donated by the West Indies players. Thanks to the timely help, Contractor was saved. Nowadays helmets are routinely used against bowlers.
2. Oil from Seeds
Vegetable oils are made from seeds and fruits of many plants growing all over the world, from tiny sesame seeds to big, juicy coconuts. Oil is produced from cotton seeds, groundnuts, soya beans and sunflower seeds. Olive oil is used for cooking, salad dressing etc. Olives are shaken from the trees and gathered up, usually by hand. The olives are ground to a thick paste which is spread onto special mats. Then the mats are layered up on the pressing machine which will gently squeeze them to produce olive oil.
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